A. Schmid, M. Weiß1, H. Heseker

Department of Nutrition and Health, University of Paderborn, Germany. 1Department of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Germany. Correspondence: Dr. Almut Schmid, Fachgruppe Ernährung und Gesundheit, Warburger Str. 100, 33095 Paderborn, Germany. Phone: (+49) 5251 602483 Fax: (+49) 5251 603425. E-mail: hw-as@physik.uni-paderborn.de

Abstract: The nutrient intake of 47 female nursing home residents, able to eat without help, and of 20 eating-dependent seniors was measured by weighing method. Hand grip strength was examined by a dynamometer. Furthermore the level of physical activity of the seniors able to eat without help was determined by means of a questionnaire. The results showed that the median energy intake of self-feeding elderly women was 1620 kcal (850-4450 kcal). More than one third of the seniors consumed less than 1700 kcal / d. The intake of vitamins and minerals remained below 40-90% of the recommended level. One important cause for the inadequate micronutrient intake was that 30% of the total energy intake is met by foods of a low nutrient density (cakes, cookies, spreadable fats, soups). The eating-dependent seniors were at high risk for protein-calorie malnutrition, consuming an average of 1130 kcal / d and 34 g protein / d. The level of physical activity was very low. Only 34% of the seniors were active for more than 2 hours per week (walking, gymnastics). 30% of the residents were largely inactive although they were able to walk. It is often ignored that immobility is a major risk factor for the development of malnutrition. Firstly inactivity accelerates the loss of muscle mass. This loss of metabolically active tissue decreases the energy requirements thus leading to a loss of appetite and reduced food intake.

Key words: Nursing home residents, elderly, nutritional risk factors, malnutrition, physical activity, muscle mass, weighing method, elderly, nutrition, aging.