Summary

Disorders of the inner ear, which can affect balance, are common in the US population, according to a new survey report. Those with such disorders are far more likely to have a fall, prejudicing quality of life and independence.

So it could be worthwhile doctors screening the elderly and those at risk through factors like diabetes, so that inner ear disorders can be treated promptly.

Introduction

The vestibular system of the inner ear helps control an individual’s balance. Disease of the inner ear, which may or may not give rise to symptoms like dizziness, can increase the risk of a fall. Although falls, and associated injuries, are a major cause of mortality and loss of independence, particularly among the elderly, little is known of the prevalence of vestibular disorders in the United States.

What was done

A team at Johns Hopkins University investigated a group of 5,086 adults participating in the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. They filled in questionnaires about falls, injuries and balance problems, including dizziness symptoms. The researchers carried out tests to determine the existence of any vestibular problems, with or without symptoms.

What was found

As many as 35.4% of those over 40 was found to have a vestibular problem of some kind. The risk of having such a disorder increased with age. Those with high school education were 40% less likely to have a vestibular disorder, but the risk among those with diabetes was 70% higher. Those with vestibular dysfunction were more likely to have a history of dizziness and falls. Symptoms were reported by 26.8% and they were eight times more likely to have a fall. But those without symptoms were also more likely to have a fall, if diagnosed with vestibular disorder.

What this study means

The findings underline the importance of identifying and treating vestibular disorders to reduce the risk of falls and injuries, particular among at-risk groups such as people with diabetes and those living in nursing homes.

Source

Agrawal Y, Carey JP et al Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults Archives of Internal Medicine May 25 2009;169:938-944