Introduction

Suicide is a problem that affects people of all ages and economic levels, and is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a significant public health problem.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are complex, and are often related to depression, substance abuse or other psychiatric disorders. Early recognition and treatment of these disorders -- especially depression - is one way to prevent suicide. But many times, people do not receive treatment in the early stages of depression. Rather, their distress comes to light only when it has reached a "crisis" state.

This crisis state calls for a clear understanding of the situation as well as steps that must be taken immediately. Here we reproduce guidelines for responding to the threat of suicide that were developed by the American Association for Suicidology (AAS). For more information on the AAS, a non-profit organization dedicated to the understanding and prevention of suicide, please see the link below. (S.D. Shantinath, Editor, Emotional Health)

Be aware of the warning signs

There is no typical suicide victim. It happens to young and old, rich and poor. Fortunately there are some common warning signs which, when acted upon, can save lives. Here are some signs to look for:

A suicidal person might be suicidal if he or she:

• Talks about committing suicide
• Has trouble eating or sleeping
• Experiences drastic changes in behavior
• Withdraws from friends and/or social activities
• Loses interest in hobbies, work, school, etc.
• Prepares for death by making out a will and final arrangements
• Gives away prized possessions
• Has attempted suicide before
• Takes unnecessary risks
• Has had recent severe losses
• Is preoccupied with death and dying
• Loses interest in their personal appearance
• Increases their use of alcohol or drugs

What to do

Here are some ways to be helpful to someone who is threatening suicide:

• Be direct. Talk openly and matter-of-factly about suicide.
• Be willing to listen. Allow expressions of feelings. Accept the feelings.
• Be non-judgmental. Don't debate whether suicide is right or wrong, or feelings are good or bad.
• Don't lecture on the value of life.
• Get involved. Become available. Show interest and support.
• Don't dare him or her to do it.
• Don't act shocked. This will put distance between you.
• Don't be sworn to secrecy. Seek support.
• Offer hope that alternatives are available but do not offer glib reassurance.
• Take action. Remove means, such as guns or stockpiled pills.
• Get help from persons or agencies specializing in crisis intervention and suicide prevention.

Be aware of feelings

Many people at some time in their lives think about committing suicide. Most decide to live, because they eventually come to realize that the crisis is temporary and death is permanent. On the other hand, people having a crisis sometimes perceive their dilemma as inescapable and feel an utter loss of control. These are some of the feelings and things they experience:

• Can't stop the pain
• Can't think clearly
• Can't make decisions
• Can't see any way out
• Can't sleep, eat or work
• Can't get out of depression
• Can't make the sadness go away
• Can't see a future without pain
• Can't see themselves as worthwhile
• Can't get someone's attention
• Can't seem to get control

If you experience these feelings, get help! If someone you know exhibits these symptoms, offer help!

Contact:

• A community mental health agency
• A private therapist or counselor
• A school counselor or psychologist
• A family physician
• A suicide prevention or crisis center

Source

American Suicidology Association. Things You Should Know About Suicide. (accessed on 10/10/01) http://www.suicidology.org/index.html

Links

• Information on Older Adults and Suicide from the National Institute of Mental Health

Choosing to Live: How to Defeat Suicide Through Cognitive Therapy by Thomas E. Ellis and Cory F. Newman